Last updated: January 01, 2026
All content on www.jamilnihal.com including articles, explanations, images of cultures, Gram stains, microscopy photos, diagrams, tables, references to guidelines (CLSI, EUCAST, CDC, WHO, etc.), discussions of pathogens, laboratory methods, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, emerging infections, and any other materials is provided strictly for general educational and informational purposes.
The author is a microbiology technologist sharing knowledge based on scientific literature, professional experience, textbooks, peer-reviewed publications, and publicly available resources. This website is not intended to provide, and should never be relied upon for:
- medical advice
- clinical diagnosis or treatment recommendations
- patient care decisions
- official laboratory protocols or standard operating procedures (SOPs)
- professional interpretation of test results
- infection prevention and control policies
- biosafety or biocontainment guidance
Key notices
- The content on this site does not replace consultation with a licensed physician, clinical microbiologist, infectious diseases specialist, qualified healthcare provider, or your institution’s designated laboratory authority. Always seek professional medical or laboratory advice for personal health concerns, patient management, diagnostic interpretation, or workplace safety questions.
- Microbiology, infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance patterns, diagnostic technologies, interpretive criteria, biosafety requirements, and official guidelines evolve rapidly. Information presented here may become outdated or may not reflect the most current standards in your region or institution. Never implement, modify, or discontinue any laboratory practice, diagnostic approach, treatment, or safety measure solely based on content from this blog. Always follow your laboratory’s validated procedures and the latest applicable national/international guidelines and regulations.
- Images of bacterial/fungal cultures, Gram stains, biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF results, microscopy fields, antibiograms, and similar visuals are included for educational illustration only. They are not intended for, and should not be used for, definitive organism identification, clinical reporting, or diagnostic purposes.
- No doctor-patient relationship, technologist-client relationship, consultant relationship, or any other professional advisory relationship is created by reading this website, viewing images, leaving comments, or contacting the author.
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Thank you for your interest in microbiology and for reading responsibly